Jackie Chen DNA Methylation Biochem 2B03 2022

By 134jackiechen62 | Updated: Nov. 14, 2022, 9:50 p.m.

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An Epigenetic Modification Mechanism
DNA Methylation
What is DNA Methylation?
Transferring of a methyl group to cytosine baseEpigenetic method to regulate gene expressionHelps silence genes and repress its expression
CH3
The Discovery of DNA Methylation
First discovered in calf thymus by Rollin HotchkissObserved that majority of methylation occurs at CpG sites Arthur D. Riggs proposed that methylation was an epigenetic mechanism in 1975
Arthur D. Riggs
Rollin Hotchkiss
How does DNA Methylation Work?
Methylation of cytosine on a CpG dinucleotideForms 5-methylcytosine (5mC)Mediated by DNA methyltransferasesMaintains the silencing of a gene
DNMT1: Copies methylation pattern to daughter strand during DNA replication
Methylates new Cytosines to change gene expression during development
Types of Methyltransferases
Maintenance
De Novo 
Effects of DNA Methylation
Involved in genomic stability and integrityUsed in Histone modification and other epigenetic processesFaulty DNMTs could result in cancer
Repression of gene expression by tightening DNA association to histone
References
1. Deichmann, U. Epigenetics: the Origins and Evolution of a Fashionable Topic. Dev. Biol. 2016, 416(1), 249-254. DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.06.005
2. Jin, B.; Li, Y.; Robertson, K.D. DNA Methylation: Superior or Subordinate in the Epigenetic Hierarchy?. Genes Cancer. 2011, 2(6), 607-617. DOI:10.1177/1947601910393957
3. Moore, L. D.; Le, T; Fan, G. DNA Methylation and its Basic Function. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013, 38, 23-38. DOI: doi.org/10.1038/npp.2012.112
4. Tompkins, J. D. Discovering DNA Methylation, the History and Future of the Writing on DNA. J Hist Biol. 2022. DOI: doi.org/10.1007/s10739-022-09691-8
5. Philips, T. The Role of Methylation in Gene Expression. Nat. Sci. Educ. 2008, 1(1), 116. https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/the-role-of-methylation-in-gene-expression-1070/
6. Dhe-Paganon, S.; Syeda F.; Park, L. DNA Methyl Transferase 1: Regulatory Mechanisms and Implications in Health and Disease. Int J Biochem Mol Biol. 2011, 2(1), 58-66. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3180029/#:~:text=While%20the%20first%20two%20are,of%20semi%2Dconservative%20DNA%20replication.
7. Veland, N.; Lu, Y.; Hardikar, S.; et al. DNMT3L Facilitates DNA Methylation Partly by Maintaining DNMT3A Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019, 47(1), 152-167. DOI: doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky947 
8. Mossman, D. K. Profile of Arthur D. Riggs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2010, 107(12), 5259-5271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1001339107
9. Rotondo, J. C.; Lanzillotti, C.; Mazziotta, C.; et al. Epigenetics of Male Infertility: The Role of DNA Methylation. 
Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 2021. DOI: doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.689624

Jackie Chen DNA Methylation Biochem 2B03 2022

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