Group K - Tonsillitis (Video Montage)

By patriciawong03 | Updated: Dec. 22, 2024, 10:38 a.m.

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Shazia Farhana
A166744
Supervisor:
Dr Lum Sai Guan
Wong Weng Khei
A162751
GROUP K
Tonsillitis
= inflammation of tonsils
Acute Tonsillitis
• Mass of tissue in the lateral pharyngeal wall of oropharynx between ant and post pillars 
• Part of Waldeyer’s ring 
• 12-15 crypts on medial surface 
• Common in school aged children and young adults 
• Rare in infants and adult >50 yo 
• Aetiology: Streptococcus (most common), Staphylococci, pneumococci, 
H. influenzae
Symptoms
- Sore throat
- High grade fever with chills and rigors
- Referred otalgia
- Odynophagia and dysphagia
- Muffled voice
- Fetid breath/ halitosis
Signs
- Enlarged and inflamed tonsils
          b) Parenchymatous tonsillitis
         c) Membranous tonsillitis
          a) Follicular/ exudative tonsillitis
Other signs
- Enlarged jugulodigastric lymph nodes
- Dehydration
Differential diagnosis for whitish membrane over the tonsil
- Candidiasis 
- Diphteria
- Infectious Mononucleosis
- Tonsilar Malignant Tumor
- Vincent's Angina
- Agranuocytosis
- Leukemia
- Aphthous ulcer
- Traumatic ulcer
Grading of Tonsil Size
I : tonsils confined in between pillars
II: tonsils extend out of pillars but just up to half the distance of uvula
III: tonsils enlarge up to level of uvula
IV : tonsils in contact with each other - kissing tonsils
Treatment for acute tonsillitis
1) Adequate hydration - soft diet and plenty of fluid intake
2) Antibiotics - penicillin IF there is any fever, exudates or leucocytosis
3) Analgesics / antipyretic
4) Throat gargle
Complications
- Chronic tonsillitis with recurrent acute tonsillitis
- Peritonsillar abscess
- Suppurative lymphadenitis
- Acute otitis media
- Acute rhinosinusitis
- Rheumatic fever
- Subacute bacterial endocarditis
- Post-streptococcal acute gomerulonephritis
Chronic Tonsillitis
1. It may be a complication of acute tonsillitis.   
2. Subclinical infections of tonsils without an acute attack.
3. Mostly affects children and young adults.
4. Predisposing factor: Chronic infection in sinuses or teeth
Types
1. Chronic Follicular Tonsillitis
2. Chronic Parenchymatous Tonsillitis
3. Chronic Fibroid Tonsillitis
Signs and symptoms
- Halitosis
- Enlarged tonsils with varying degree
- Large tonsils can interfere with respiration and deglutition
- Muffled voice
- Inflamed anterior pillars
- Enlarged 
jugulodigastric 
nodes, non-tender
- Cheesy materials at tonsillar crypts
Treatment
1) Conservative management
Attention to general health, diet, treatment of coexistent infection of teeth, nose and sinuses.
2) Tonsillectomy
When tonsils interfere with speech, deglutition and respiration or cause recurrent attacks
1. Peritonsillar abscess. 
2. Parapharyngeal abscess. 
3. Intratonsillar abscess. 
4. Tonsilloliths. 
5. Tonsillar cyst. 
6. Focus of infection in rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis, eye and skin disorders. 
Complications
Special thanks to:
Dr Lum Sai Guan
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, HCTM
Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Thank you for watching!

Group K - Tonsillitis (Video Montage)

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