ED205-ON02 Jean Piaget's Theory of Development and Parenting Skills

By kenpatrick.sannicolas | Updated: May 4, 2025, 1:21 p.m.

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Jean Piaget'S
Theory of Development
Ken San Nicolas
ED205-ON02
Who is Jean Piaget?
Jean Piaget (1896-1980) is a Swiss Psychologist, best known for his research in child cognitive development.

Piaget believes that children are "mini-adults" exploring their world through their senses.

Piaget hypothesized that the cognitive processes in children are in a sequential series of stages from birth and into adulthood.
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational
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Jean Piaget's Theory of Developmental Stages
Sensorimotor Stage (Birth-2 Years)
Children in the sensorimotor stage learn about their environment utilizing both their senses and motor movement.

Object Permanence: Knowing that objects exist even without it being visible or out of sight.Children who lack object permanence may think objects that are hidden from sight are nonexistent.
Example "Peek-a-boo": since some children lack object Permanence, the game-peek-a-boo is often fun and exciting in this stage.
Preoperational Stage (2-7 Years)
Preoperational Stage: children in this stage use mental representations such as mental imaging to represent things, but lack logical reasoning.

Egocentrism: children view the world through their own perspective and believe others think and view the same way they do.Focuses in one dimension at a time.Symbolism: Children understand certain symbols represent something, such as letters mean/make certain sounds.Animism: Children think objects, such as their toys, have feelings.

Example: Jeff (6) sees a tree shedding it's leaves. He may say "the tree is sad".
Concrete operational Stage (7-12 Years)
Concrete operational: Children start to demonstrate the capacity for adult logic and concepts. Cognitive process is centered in tangible objects and experiences, rather than abstract thinking.
Decentration: Able to focus in multiple aspects of a task. Reversibility: Children understand that actions and changes could be undone.Less egocentric: They begin to sympathize with others and understand everyone thinks differently.Conservation: Children understand that quantity remains unchanged, even when it's form is changed.
Example: (Two different height of glass cups filled with the same amount of water) A child in the concrete stage will know that the amount of water is the same in both glasses.
Formal operational Stage (12 Years-Adult)
Adolescence in the formal operational stage begin to reach cognitive maturity, and frequently deal with social and moral questions.

Concepts and abstract thinking is more complex and apparent.Hypothetical thinking occurs (example: "what may be?" over "what is" type of questions)Sophisticated logic and use of symbols, such as solving for X in the equation: X-3=2Deductive reasoning: Adolescence utilizes facts and experiences to draw conclusions that are reasonably valid.
Example: James (18) wants to buy a scientific calculator for his algebra class. James may think of factors such as: cost, second hand v. brand new, and future use, before making his decision.
What are some common myths about parent–child relationships during adolescence?
"Being too friendly promotes a positive relationship with your child". Although it is great that the relationship between parent and child is strong, but it is important for parents to set clear boundaries and apply discipline. Parents and adolescents should remember that actions have consequences in the real world."Parents should choose their adolescence friends to avoid bad peer influences" parents should allow their adolescence to seek a different support group and seek early autonomy. Not all peers are bad influence on their child during adolescence.
A common occurrence parents can expect from their adolescent teens is mood fluctuations. As they enter puberty, hormonal changes begin to take place, and with it comes with mood swings, easily-irritable, and heightened emotions.You could also expect to see your child hanging out with friends more than before.Be aware that your teens may engage in risky behavior. Parents should give teen guidance as they develop into maturity.
What behavioral changes can parents expect as young people transition from middle childhood to adolescence?
 How can parents best support their child’s growing need for autonomy?
As adolescents seek autonomy, expect to see your child less at home and going out more with friends.Provide them with simple tasks to promote autonomy and self-confidence.Give your teens enough space to be independent in decision making.Be present to guide them during their transition into adulthood.
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ED205-ON02 Jean Piaget's Theory of Development and Parenting Skills

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