CLIMATE CHANGE AND CANCER_WG2_FINAL DRAFT

By dassaeve.brice | Updated: Jan. 26, 2023, 10:28 p.m.

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Climate Change and cancer
A case history about  air  pollution
Working Group 2
Maria is a 54-year-old woman living in the Bahamas in a rural area. She’s a farmer and has worked in the cement industry for over 25 years. 
Recently she became ill  and went to the hospital with the following:
Shortness of breath. 
Unfortunately, during the same period, hurricane Dorian occurred, and she had some issues reaching the healthcare facility because of flooding in her region. 
Her symptoms included: 
Loss of appetite, loss of weight and lethargy
A physical examination was done, and investigations included radiology and laboratory. 
Investigations revealed a suspicion of 
” lung cancer”.

Good morning. How  can I help you today Ms. Maria?
I don’t feel well doctor.
Can you describe  your symptoms please?
 It keeps getting harder to breath doctor.
I feel so tired all the time and I used to eat a lot, but..
now I barely feel like eating even the tastiest foods.

Do you still live outside of the city Miss?  
Yes,doctor.
And what do you do for a living?
I'm a farmer,but I used to work in  manufacturing industry  for more than 20 years.
Do you cook with gas, electricity, kerosene or wood?
Sometimes wood or kerosene, but mostly gas.

EXPLANATION

In these sequences, the doctor addresses the air pollution problem to determine the cancer risk factors, type of exposures, and the patient's vulnerability related to where she lives and works.

Why we're talking about it?

Outdoor Air pollution from industrial, manufacturing and agricultural emissions are classified as carcinogenic to humans or Group 1 carcinogens.

Additionally, indoor emissions from the household combustion of coal and biomass fuels and from high-temperature frying and cooking with kerosene or solid fuels are also carcinogenic to humans.

Lung cancer death attributable to ambient particulate matter (PM) < 2.5μm

Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have less access to cleaner fuels. That causes an increase in cancer burden and exposure to air pollution.

Why we're talking about it
I come for my lab results , because of the flooding,I can't reach the healthcare center
My symptoms became worse and worse during that time.
It is the nearest place I can go when we've got this situation in the country.?
Yes,it is the only healthcare center that is located in town.
Unfortunately, we have suspected you have developed "Lung Cancer"
Lung Cancer.............
We will need to conduct further investigations, like cytology and biopsy.
 I'm responsible to give you the information about your condition.
 Explanation: In these sequences the HCW addresses the problem related to disruption of services, the accessibility and availability and the inequities of care for patients with cancer conditions in the context of disaster in LIMCs.
Why we're talking about it?
Why we're talking about it
Extreme weather events can interfere with cancer care and disable transportation, communication, and power systems.

Cancer care for people in LMICs, especially those in rural or remote areas, is more likely to be disrupted by natural disasters.

LMCIs have less capacity to deal with climate-change-related disasters.

Overlapping inequalities put some people at severe risk. For example, women in LMICs who take the lead role in cooking and farming may suffer a higher inability to modify cancer risk factors.

Women working in farming or other kinds of labour to get food and earn money will also experience the adverse effects of heat exposure in their attempt to reduce poverty and improve health.

Why we're talking about it?
Why we're talking about it

This makes the impacts of climate change on: 
- People with less access to cancer care are even worse.

- The treatment delay for patients diagnosed at the later stages of cancer can be deadly.

`-Early-diagnosed patients may miss out on optimal treatment opportunities.

What shoukd I do now doctor?
Let's talk about things you can do to reduce your exposure to cancer risks factors
Firstly, 
It's important for you to wear protective clothing and mask....
when you work with chemicals on your farm.
when you work with chemicals on your farm.
Here are some adaptation and mitigation measures at different level
Adaptation and Mitigation measures
Why we're talking about it
At The National Level
Adaptation measures:
Active involvement in the development of policies related to the prevention of cancer.
E.g., Air pollutant policy
Active Transportation policy

At the academic level
Public sensitization of climate change impacts on cancer.

Mitigation 
Advocate for educational awareness and projects about climate change and cancer

Adaptation measures:
Streamline climate change in every sphere of society, in schools and workplaces
Encourage the involvement of students and young professionals in preparedness activities related to climate change and cancer.

At the Health Professional Level
Advocate for policies about  the  inclusion of the health  impact of emissions of air pollutants  on cancer incidence
 e.g., Low or zero emissions stove policies

CLIMATE CHANGE AND CANCER_WG2_FINAL DRAFT

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