The Power of One: Ethical Dilemmas

By ashleykatelynwang | Updated: Dec. 20, 2024, 4:25 a.m.

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The Power of One: Ethical Dilemmas 
TOK Presentation
The Rescuing Hug
~Two twin premature babies (born 12 weeks early in 1995) in Massachusetts 
~One relatively healthy while the other had difficulty breathing and was in critical condition 
~Both placed in separate incubators to reduce risk of infection 
~The health of the weaker baby continued to decline 
~Nurse had an idea from studying European practices and went against hospital rules/criticism and placed the twins in the same incubator 
~The weaker baby’s overall health started to improve after the twins started to hug

Real Life Situation
The Rescuing Hug
~Two twin premature babies (born 12 weeks early in 1995) in Massachusetts 
~One relatively healthy while the other had difficulty breathing and was in critical condition 
~Both placed in separate incubators to reduce risk of infection 
~The health of the weaker baby continued to decline 
~Nurse had an idea from studying European practices and went against hospital rules/criticism and placed the twins in the same incubator 
~The weaker baby’s overall health started to improve after the twins started to hug

The Rescuing Hug
~Two twin premature babies (born 12 weeks early in 1995) in Massachusetts 
~One relatively healthy while the other had difficulty breathing and was in critical condition 
~Both placed in separate incubators to reduce risk of infection 
~The health of the weaker baby continued to decline 
~Nurse had an idea from studying European practices and went against hospital rules/criticism and placed the twins in the same incubator 
~The weaker baby’s overall health started to improve after the twins started to hug

Ethical Situation
Personal Opinion?
Shared Knowledge?
Morals? 
We have the same opinion...
What is right?
What is wrong?
Is my own opinion more valid than shared opinions of others ?
Knowledge Question
Is it ethical to break societal codes when it comes to saving a person's life?
There are 2 terms that need to be defined:
1
"Break" = to defy or violate something that is supposed to be obeyed

There are 2 terms that need to be defined:
1
"Break" = to defy or violate something that is supposed to be obeyed

2
"Codes" = rules established that people need to follow in order to give people the greatest chance of survival
and 
Ethics
Human Sciences
Relates to ethics
Deals with the moral principles that govern the decisions of people
and 
Ethics
Human Sciences
Relates to ethics
Deals with the moral principles that govern the decisions of people
Has a connection to the experiences and choices of human beings
Relates to human sciences
Assumptions
> Norms are only referenced to U.S codes
> Not relating to countries outside of U.S
Assumptions
> Norms are only referenced to U.S codes
> Not relating to countries outside of U.S
i.e. Europe may find practices (like the rescuing hug) ethically justifiable
In my opinion...
~ It is ethical to disobey rules in order to save a life
~ Prolong the survival of people
Counterclaim:
Would be unethical to save a life when a person has directive
New York Times
~ Documented trend of lawsuits against medical providers for ignoring a directive 
Saved a person's life without permission
Second Order Question
What determines if a rule can be ethically broken?
Pragmatism:
an approach that assesses the truth of meaning of theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application
If more people are hurt = unethical
More people benefit = ethical decision
If more people are hurt = unethical
More people benefit = ethical decision
Social norms meant to reduce risks...
Decision was ethical if based on the idea of pragmatism 
~Emotion is not a factor in ethics 
~ In this case, is strictly logic to determine action 
~Even with reason, pragmatism would say that the decision was unethical and contrary to my personal opinion

~Emotion is not a factor in ethics 
~ In this case, is strictly logic to determine action 
~Even with reason, pragmatism would say that the decision was unethical and contrary to my personal opinion

ASHBURY & CO
EST. 1984
Third Order
Question
How do successes and failures in pragmatism change from observer to observer?
Different observers have differing perspectives...
And use different reasoning and emotion
Parents...rely on emotion (innate love)
Readers of this news
Nurse ethically used reason 
Back to the real life situation...
Reasoning is different 
Parents...rely on emotion (innate love)
Readers of this news
Nurse ethically used reason 
Back to the real life situation...
Reasoning is different 
Parents...rely on emotion (innate love)
Readers of this news
Nurse ethically used reason 
Back to the real life situation...
Reasoning is different 
Parents...rely on emotion (innate love)
Readers of this news
Nurse ethically used reason 
Back to the real life situation...
Reasoning is different 
Thanks 
For Watching...

The Power of One: Ethical Dilemmas

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