ChatGPT and the LLC Inquiry

By daniel7roberts | Updated: Nov. 5, 2024, 8:14 a.m.

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Inquiry Into:
Dan Roberts

ChatGPT in the LLC
ChatGPT draws on publically available online information (approx. 570GB of data from books,  webpages (e.g., Wikipedia), articles, and other information sources (Phelan and Carey, 8).
But first, what is  ChatGPT?
ChatGPT is an AI "'language' model designed to respond with a natural language reply when prompted with a text-based question" (Phelan and Carey, 8).
Main Inquiry Question:
Why do students trust Chat GPT?
Sub-Question 1:
Sub-Question 2:
How does ChatGPT impact the TL's work in the LLC?
Is using ChatGPT a form 
of plagiarism?
Instinct to "satisfice": maximum benefit at minimum cost (Lankes, 59)
• Convenient (no separate app needed) (Lee and Maeng, 59)
• Improved English language comprehension for ELL (Lee and Maeng, 61)
Why do students trust Chat GPT?
• Saves Time (Lee and Maeng, 59)
• Unrestricted across time and space (Lee and Maeng, 59)
• Diverse responses and feedback (Lee and Maeng, 59)
The majority of high school students in Lee and Maeng's 2023 Korean study recognized:
• Potential downsides such as: disruption due to internet/technology malfunctions (Lee and Maeng, 63); "expert information" being incorrect (Lee and Maeng, 63); lack of student investigation for themselves (Lee and Maeng, 65);
 hindering of personal, intellectual growth (Lee and
Maeng, 68).
Do students recognize potential issues?
• Potential ethical concerns regarding lack of citations, collection of personal data, and risk of plagiarism (Lee and Maeng, 65)
+ The majority of students seem aware that using ChatGPT and other AI for schoolwork carries risks.
So, why do students trust Chat GPT?
- The urge to "satisfice" (maximum benefit for minimum cost/effort) overpowers the potential risks (Lankes, 59).
• ChatGPT does not cite the sources of the information it provides, but users can ask it to (Phelan and Carey, 12)
• Proper recognition of intellectual property is one of the most significant concerns for both content creators and the intellectual community (McVittie).
Is Using ChatGPT a form of Plagiarism?
• Procedures differ between institutions, programs, and instructors, but any permitted use for assessments must be accompanied by a citation or it will be considered academic misconduct (University of British Columbia; Queen's University).
Post-
Secondary
Estimates:
- 28% of Canadian employees use ChatGPT at work
- 22% claim their employer allows it
- 10% claim their bosses have banned it 
(Canadian HR Reporter).
• Students rarely see any citations at all, especially for ChatGPT. This may lead to lack of seriousness on issue.
Is Using ChatGPT a form of Plagiarism?
Other
Contexts
• Canada's federal government is currently conducting consultations on copyright regarding AI and generative AI systems (Karadeglija)
• "It is unclear whether any of the material produced by ChatGPT (or other such generative works) is copyrightable," though the owners of ChatGPT state they will not seek copyright for anything produced by ChatGPT (Phelan and Carey, 12)
Is Using ChatGPT a form of Plagiarism?
Question 
of Copyright
+ Experts are clear: failing to acknowledge a source of information for ideas that are not your own constitutes plagiarism.
So, is using ChatGPT a form of Plagiarism?
- It is unclear whether protocols will change and citing AI tools like ChatGPT, or asking the program for a citation list, will be adequate in 
the future.
+ Simply citing ChatGPT is problematic as the original source of information remains unknown.
• As school leaders who are also tech/literacy/citation experts, TLs need to be familiar with ChatGPT (and other chatbots) to support classroom teachers.
How does ChatGPT impact the TL's work in the LLC?
TL as ChatGPT Expert Consultant
• “. . . school system leaders will need to address the myriad opportunities, concerns and challenges that arise” (Quintin and Macleod, 1) 
• The more time humans spend with a new technology, the more we understand it and trust it. Once we understand it, we can teach students how to use it ethically, and then we can trust them to use it ethically; if we don't trust them to use it ethically, they won't (Yoram).
How does ChatGPT impact the TL's work in the LLC?
TL as ChatGPT Expert Consultant
• ". . .tools like ChatGPT should really challenge teachers and professors to reassess the assignments they give their students" (Ross).
• "You have to stop thinking that you can teach exactly the way you used to teach when the basic medium has changed. . . If students can turn to ChatGPT or other AI language models for quick and easy answers then there is a problem with the lesson (Ross).
How does ChatGPT impact the TL's work in the LLC?
TLs must become ChatGPT Experts & Consultants
**We need to make it easier to use ethically, than it is to use unethically**
TLs can experiment with ChatGPT by using it to:

Generate lessons that address specific curricular competencies (Future Ready Schools).Generate on-topic writing examples for students to assess (Future Ready Schools).Help edit a piece of writing by asking the program what their biggest grammar challenge is (but not to make any changes) (Future Ready Schools).Provide quick summaries of novels for students (Yorio)Create age-appropriate booklists with representation criteria (Yorio)Create displays for the LLCQuickly create on-topic scripts for students to                                  practice oral language strategies (WFAA)
How does ChatGPT impact the TL's work in the LLC?
“In science or math, teachers are beginning to use it to solve problems step by step or to generate new problems for students to tackle. Such AI-facilitated experiential learning prioritizes conversation and observation, fostering students' understanding in a more immersive and engaging way” (Quintin and Macleod, 2). 
How does ChatGPT impact the TL's work in the LLC?
“In English or social studies classrooms, teachers are beginning to use the GPT language model to simulate interactive dialogues with historical or literary characters” (Quintin and Macleod, 2). 
How does ChatGPT impact the TL's work in the LLC?
Just remember to model the target behaviour!

Be transparent: tell students whenever you've used ChatGPT, how, why it's an appropriate use, and include all relevant citations.
+ It is/will have a massive impact
So, how does ChatGPT impact the TL's work in the LLC?
+ In addition to all previous LLC responsibilities, TLs need to lead a schoolwide approach by: 
1) Making themselves experts on using it effectively, 
2) Collaborating with teachers to show them how, 
3) Modeling appropriate use and citation protocol for students,
4) Make ethical use easier than unethical 
use
“1 in 4 Workers Using ChatGPT at Work.” Canadian HR Reporter, 11 August 2023, https://www.hrreporter.com/focus-areas/automation-ai/1-in-4-workers-using-chatgpt-at-work/378676. Accessed 3 November 2024.

“Academic Integrity.” Queen’s University, 17 June 2023, https://www.queensu.ca/ctl/resources/educational-technology/generative-ai-teaching-and-	learning/academic-integrity. Accessed 3 November 2024.

Future Ready Schools. “AI in the School Library! (S7, E11)” Youtube, uploaded by Future Ready Schools, 21 	November 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4idSCuoqpI.

"Generative AI Tools: Thinking about GenAI?” University of British Columbia, 11 September, 2024, 
https://academicintegrity.ubc.ca/chatgpt-faq/. Accessed 3 November 2024.

Karadeglija, Anja. “Tech companies battle content creators over use of copyrighted material to train AI 	models.” CBC via The Canadian Press, 30 June 2024, https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ai-		training-copyright-artists-1.7251073. Accessed 31 October 2024.

Lee, Ji Eun, and Maeng, Unkyoung. “Perceptions of High School Students on AI Chatbots Use in English 	Learning: Benefits, Concerns, and Ethical Consideration.” Journal of Pan-Pacific Association of 	Applied Linguistics (Online), vol. 27, no. 2, 2023, pp. 53–72, EBSCO host, https://web-p-ebscohost-	com.proxy.queensu.ca/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=adaffb64-2adc-4f50-978b-7c529cd56f63%40redis. Accessed 28 Oct. 2024.

McVittie, Cecile. “CONT 999 FALL 24 003 Module 4 Culminating Task Question.” Received by Daniel Roberts. 30 October 2024. Email Interview.

Works Cited
Phelan, Ryan N., and Carey, Matthew. "ChatGPT and Intellectual Property (IP) Related Topics." The IP Litigator : Devoted to Intellectual Property Litigation and Enforcement, vol. 29, no. 3, 2023, pp. 8-15. ProQuest, https://proxy.queensu.ca/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/trade-journals/chatgpt-	intellectual-property-ip-related-topics/docview/2823698444/se-2.

Ross, Elizabeth M. “Usable Knowledge: Embracing Artificial Intelligence in the Classroom.” Harvard Graduate School of Education, 20 July 2023,  https://www.gse.harvard.edu/ideas/usable-	knowledge/23/07/embracing-artificial-intelligence-classroom.

Shepherd, Quintin, and Macleod, Dave. "Exploring Chat GPT's Potential: Collective insights from superintendents gathered at a recent forum lead to advice on navigating AI's opportunities and 	concerns." School Administrator, vol. 80, no. 9, Oct. 2023, pp. 18+. Gale Academic OneFile, 		link.gale.com/apps/doc/A770201393/AONE?u=queensulaw&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=69aeb4b2. Accessed 28 Oct. 2024.

Soloman, Yoram. “3 Reasons To Trust Students With ChatGPT | Yoram Solomon | TEDxJCU,” Youtube, uploaded by TEDx Talks, 23 May 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-3CULlaXEQ.

WFAA. “ChatGPT finding its way into classrooms.” Youtube, uploaded by WFAA, 8 March 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=occjLmlzqms.

Yorio, Kara. “School Librarians Explore Possibilities of ChatGPT.” School Library Journal, 17 January 2023, 
https://www.schoollibraryjournal.com/story/School-Librarians-Explore-Possibilities-of-ChatGPT. Accessed 28 October 2024.

Works Cited

ChatGPT and the LLC Inquiry

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