Safety In Aircraft Refueling-ACMP

By churchil3004 | Updated: Nov. 21, 2024, 11:06 p.m.

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SAFETY IN AIRCRAFT REFUELING
GOKUL
CHURCHIL
Content
1.

5.
Introduction

Safety Precautions

Human Factors

Incident

Reflection
Types Of Aircraft Refueling
1. Ground Refueling
- Gravity refueling
- Pressure refueling

2. Aerial Refueling
- Probe and Drogue method
- Boom and Receptacle method

Types of refueling equipment
Fuel truck
Hydrant system
Tank capacity varies based on aircraft size
Underground pipelines supply the hydrant, and bulk fuel is kept at a distance. Utilized frequently in operations resembling those of airlines where a sizable amount of fuel is given in total at each refueling.
Types of defueling equipment
Dedicated defueling fuel truck are used
Until removed fuel is recertified for usage, it shouldn't be combined with good fuel.
Types of Hazards
1) Chemical Hazards
2) Fire Hazards
Chemical Hazards would include inhaling the vapour of the fuel which is extremly harmful to the body in the long run
It would affect the nervous system and even lead to chronic health problems.
Fire hazards is most likely to occur where even a spark can set of the fuel and its vapour into flames which could be fatal
Safety Precautions
1.

4.
The aircraft owner, operator, or mechanic is in charge of properly fueling the aircraft.

Use only the right kind and grade of fuel.

It is necessary to turn off all of the electrical and electronic components of the aircraft, including the radar, radio, and phones.

The shirt pockets shouldn't be used to store anything to prevent it from dropping into the fuel tanks.
5.

9.
Anyone involved in the refueling operation should not be carrying any spark- or flame-igniting equipment.

A suitable fire extinguisher should be accessible.

In the event that nearby aircraft could potentially blast debris in the direction of the aircraft, avoid refueling the aircraft.

When lightning is five miles away, an aircraft should not be refueled or defueled.

Avoid refueling or defueling an aircraft 500 feet or less from ground radar.

Aircraft Bonding Procedure
1. Bond the aircraft to the ground.

2. Bond the fuel truck to the ground.

3. Bond the aircraft to the fuel truck.

4. Bond the nozzle to aircraft before opening fuel tank and refueling.
- Aircraft should already be grounded every time it is parked.
To eliminate static electricity, ground fuel trucks and airplanes at the designated grounding spots.

The order of grounding is important to ensure that all static energy is effectively discharged.
Human Factors
Affecting safe aircraft refuelling
3
1
2
5
6
Pressure
Miscommunication
Distractions
Complacency
Lack of Knowledge
4
Fatigue
1. Pressure
The ground crew members have a fixed deadline of around 40 minutes to complete the refueling process

When working under pressure, the chances of making a mistake is higher which can incur a heavy cost.
2. Miscommunication
There is a tendency to misunderstand what someone else is saying in a noisy environment while keeping track of myraid of things such as task deadlines.
3. Distractions
4. Fatigue
When there is an increased number of tasks the workers are overwhelmed and distracted. This would result in them overlooking details or being careless.

Examples of such instances would be leaving work tools behind which is a FOD and can damage the structure of the airplane.
Crew members require sufficient breaks and resting time to ensure they are at their maximum efficiency.

If they are fatigued they might endanger their lives and those of the people around them
5. Complacency
When faced with new situations such as an emergency the lack of knowledge would mean that they would be ill prepared
Throughout the years of doing the same job, the workers' sense of self-approval could potentially result in them being more complacent in their jobs

The could cut corners in for example the grounding process or fuel leaks which puts lives at risk.
6. Lack of Knowledge
Report
Ground Refueling accident which claimed the lives of 1 individual while  injuring four others
The 5 Affected were working in the aircraft at the the time of the accident
Cause of accident was due to rupture of centre wing tank as a vent plug was not removed from previous test
The Fuel that spilled out ignited which caused a fire to break out
The employee present in the cockpit was unfortunately killed while the others managed to run away with burns and injuries
(Complacency)
Gokul's Reflection
I have learnt the importance of safety precautions and consequences of negligence. I understood that focus is crucial and it is important to follow the rules at all times to prevent any accidents from happening, which could affect many lives.
Churchil's Reflection
By expanding and reinforcing my knowledge of human factors and the great consequences it can lead to, I have become more aware and alerted of negligence in workplace
References
Accident Report Detail | Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (2022). Retrieved July 22, 2022, from Osha.gov website: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=14397822

Sorrels, D. (n.d.). boeing. Retrieved from boeing.com: https://www.boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine/aero_04/textonly/s01txt.html#:~:text=Chemicals%2C%20including%20jet%20fuel%2C%20may,as%20liver%20and%20kidney%20damage.

https://safetyfirst.airbus.com/safe-aircraft-refuelling/

The Human Factors “Dirty Dozen.” (2021, May 30). Retrieved July 22, 2022, from SKYbrary Aviation Safety website: https://skybrary.aero/articles/human-factors-dirty-dozen

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Safety In Aircraft Refueling-ACMP

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