Roles of Microorganisms in Pharmaceutical Industry

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PDF 1453
Roles of Microorganism in Pharmaceutical Industry
pharmaceutical microbiology
Elly Syafika
PC04180163
Husnina Hani
PC04180101
Nur Raihana
PC04180104
Nuramira
PC04180117
Nur Syazwani
PC04180109
Siti Maizurah
PC04180151
Nadhirah
PC04180143
Nurul Izzah
PC04180140
Faizah
PC04180155
Fariza Kamil
PC04180092
overview
Provides knowlegde and understandings significance of the presence of microorganisms in pharmaceutical raw materials, intermediates product and pharmaceutical production environments.
Objectives
To develop new pharmaceutical products.
Production of antibiotics, vaccines, enzyme and recombinant DNA strains.
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms
 such as 
BACTERIA
PROTOZOA
FUNGI
That can't be seen with the naked eyes
Especially in pharmaceutical and medical industry which is led to great discoveries, from production of vaccine, antibiotics and enzyme production
VACCINE 
ANTIBIOTIC
ENZYME

Let’s first understand what is vaccine and what is antibiotics 
What is antibiotic?
A N T I B I O T I C S
Antibiotics word is made from two words which is "Anti" and "Bio"
Anti 
Bio
Anti means against and bio means life. 
Antibiotics are living organisms which kill the other living organisms.
Whenever we get some infection due to a microorganism a different microorganism in the form of antibiotic is prescribed by doctor to cure the illness.
Antibiotic
Respiratory Tract Infection (RTI)
Now let’s discuss how microbes help in preparing antibiotics
First antibiotic penicillin was discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928
Sir Alexander Fleming
1928
World First Antibiotic
(Penicillin)
It was obtained from the fungi Penicillium Notatum
Penicillium Notatum
It is used to treat diseases such as tetanus, diphtheria, respiratory tract infections, scarlet fever and throat infections.
Diphtheria
Tetanus / Lockjaw
Antibiotic
Source 
Organinism
Disease 
Treated
Penicillin
Streptpmycin
Chlorotetracycline
Ehythromycin
Penicillium chrysogenum
Streptomyces 
griseus
Streptomyces 
aureofaciens
Streptomyces
erytheraeus
Tetanus,
Diphteria
Tuberculosis
Typhoid
Rickettsial fevers
Discovery of Penicillin
In the month of August 1928, Fleming did something very important. He enjoyed a long vacation with his wife and young son.
On Monday, September 3, he retuned to his laboratory and saw a pile of Petri dishes contained colonies 
of Staphylococcus bacteria.
A fungus was growing and the bacterial colonies around it had been killed. Farther from the fungus, the
 bacteria looked normal.
Hoping he had discovered a better natural antibiotic. Fleming now devoted himself to growing more of the fungus. He identtified that is belonged to the Penicillium genus and that it produced a bacteria-killing liqiud.On March 7, 1929 he formally named the antibiotic penicillin.
What is vaccine?
Vaccination is based on a different principle. We know that our body has it’s own immune system.
Whenever we get fever or any infection our immune system starts fighting it. Not only it fights but also remembers this disease-causing agent for future.
IMMUNE SYSTEM
"Body's Defense System"
Bacteria
Virus
Immune System
Infection
Let’s see the usage of 
microbes in vaccines
Since vaccine is a small amount of weak microbes all the disease-causing microbes can 
be used for vaccinations
weak 
microbes
Edward Jenner was the first person 
to discover smallpox vaccine in 1796
Edward Jenner 
He coined the term vaccinaton. Vaccination 
is also called immunization as it makes 
a person immune to a certain disease
EDWARD JENNER 
17 May 1749 - 26 January 1823
Edward Jenner was an English Physician and scientist who was the pioneer of smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine.
He is often called "The Father of Immunology" and his work is said to have saved more lives than the work of any other human.
People have been using smallpox vaccine since Edwrad Jenner first tested his iden that inoculation with matter from a cowpox sore would protect a person from smallpox.
Jenner's work eventually led to widesprend production and connercialization of smallpox vaccine.
Edward Jenner's Experiment (1796)
material from cowpox 
lesion of milkmaid
inoculate with

cowpox
village boy susceptible 
to smallpox
wait 2 months
child recovers 
from cowpox
innoculate with
smallpox
child does not 
develop smallpox
Vaccine
Type of
 Vaccines
Provide Protection 
Against
causes
Hepatitis B (HepB)
Diphteria, tetanus 
and  Pertussis (DTaP)
Haemophilus  
influenzae type b (HIB)
Prevnar (PCV)
Polio (IPV)
Subunit 
Vaccine
Toxoid - based
Vaccine
Conjugate
Vaccine
OPV : Attenuated
Vaccine : Killed
Conjugate
Vaccine
Hepatits B
Diphteria, tetanus, and 
Pertussis (whooping cough)
Influenza
Pneumonia
Poliomyelitis
Hepatits B virus
 (HBV)
Bacterium Streptococcus
pneumoniae
Polio Virus
Pfeiffer's bacillus
Haemophilus influenzae 
bacteria
Bacillus 
Calmette-Guerin (BCG)
Attenuated
Tuberculosis (TB)
Myobacterium 
tuberculosis (MTB) 
There is a large number of microorganism which produce a variety of enzymes. Enzymes differ with respect to substrates.
Enzyme Production
A-Amylase
Bacillus Coagulans
Klebsiella Pneumoniae
Pullulanase
Trichoderma Reesei
Cellulase
Rhizopus sp.
Lipase
Enzyme Production
Bacteria
Fungi
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Roles of Microorganisms in Pharmaceutical Industry

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