US and the world from 1918 to 1941 PART 1

By gmdescas | Updated: Oct. 27, 2024, 4:14 p.m.

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THE USA AND THE WORLD: THE ATTEMPT OF A NEW INTERNATIONAL WORLD ORDER FROM WILSON’S 14 POINTS TO 1941.

Capsule réalisée par Muriel DESCAS RAVOTEUR -Voix : Garth BRIDGES - DNL
Lycée Nord Caraïbe - Martinique

#1
INTRODUCTION
Despite the Monroe doctrine, the USA entered the first world war in 1917, but only about 300,000 troops had reached the Western Front before the end of the war
The American contribution was really significant in supplying Britain and France and in persuading Germany to try to bring the war to an end before the Americans arrive in force
INTRODUCTION
The first World War signed the reinforcement of the financial, economic and politic USA domination
In January 1918, less than one year after the United States entered World War I, President Woodrow Wilson announced his Fourteen Points to try to ensure permanent peace and to make the world safe for democracy
INTRODUCTION
Wilson's aims included freedom of the seas, free trade, and, most importantly, an international organization dedicated to collective security and the spreading of democracy
INTRODUCTION
From 1918 to 1941, the USA has been a major player in international relations oscillating between interventionism and isolationism
In December 1941, The USA declared war against Germany and chose interventionism
KEY QUESTION
How do relations between the United States and the world in this period alternate between a Monroe-based isolationism and an interventionism based on Wilson's vision?
I – The break with a traditional American isolationism: The First World War (WW1) and the Fourteen Points.
A - A traditional American isolationism stopped by the First World War
Before the first World War (1914-1918), although the USA was already the world’s most powerful economy since 1890, American public opinion was mostly isolationist, i.e. it wanted to ignore the rest of the World.
Democrat Woodrow Wilson was re-elected President of the USA in 1916 with the promise: "He kept us out of war". Wilson supported the Monroe Doctrine: the USA had to stay neutral
In 1823, President James Monroe created a policy called the Monroe Doctrine with two major points:
1) That the United States would not allow European countries to start new colonies or to interfere with independent countries in the continents of North America or South America.
In 1823, President James Monroe created a policy called the Monroe Doctrine with two major points:
2) That the United States would not interfere with existing European colonies nor get involved with conflicts between European countries.
On the 6th April 1917, the U.S.A. declared war on the German Empire.

In July 1917, General Pershing led the U.S. expeditionary force to France.

I – The break with a traditional American isolationism: The First World War (WW1) and the Fourteen Points.
B - What were the Fourteen Points?
On the 8th January 1918, Thomas Woodrow Wilson, the President of the USA, gave a famous speech to the United States Congress in which he justified his country’s involvement in the First World War namely because violation of international law had been committed

German U-boot submarines had sunk ships in which there had been Americans, most famously the ocean liner Lusitania in May 1915

The points were presented as a platform upon which global peace and prosperity could be built
Along with his desire to spread democracy, Wilson was also motivated by his fear of communism spreading westward from the newly born Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

In his speech, Wilson itemized 14 strategies to ensure national security and world peace

Several points addressed specific territorial issues in Europe, but the most significant sections set the tone for postwar American diplomacy and the ideals that would form the backbone of U.S. foreign policy as the nation achieved superpower status in the early 20th century

Wilson could foresee that international relations would only become more important to American security and global commerce
He advocated equal trade conditions, arms reduction, national sovereignty for former colonies of Europe’s weakening empires and, most important, an international organization dedicated to collective security

US and the world from 1918 to 1941 PART 1

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