Summary:Drugs & Their Classification, XII

By ashokkgupta62 | Updated: Aug. 10, 2018, 4:07 a.m.

Loading...

Slideshow Video

Sign up for free!

SHARE THE AWESOMENESS

Chemistry influences every sphere of human life. The principles of chemistry have been used for the benefit of mankind. Think of cleanliness — the materials like soaps, detergents, household bleaches, tooth pastes, etc. will come to your mind. Of course, sickness and diseases remind us of medicines — again chemicals. Chemistry has influenced our life so much that we do not even realise that we come across chemicals at every moment; that we ourselves are beautiful chemical creations and all our activities are controlled by chemicals. In this presentation, we shall learn the application of Chemistry medicines. This presentation deals with-drugs medicines, chemotherapy, basis of classification of drugs & drug-target interaction.

Education

create your own animated videos for free

_abc cc

* Powtoon is not liable for any 3rd party content used. It is the responsibility of each user to comply with 3rd party copyright laws.

Embed code

Select a size, the embed code changes based on your selection.

_abc Powtoon Transcript

Drugs & their classification
unit-16
chemistry 
class xii

Presented by-
Ashok Kumar Gupta
Training Associate Chemistry
KVS ZIET Bhubaneswar

Chemistry has influenced our life so much that we do not even realise that we come across chemicals at every moment; that we ourselves are beautiful chemical creations and all our activities are controlled by chemicals. This  presentation is a summary of  the application of Chemistry in  medicines, 
Drugs are chemicals of low molecular masses (~100 – 500u). These interact with macromolecular targets and produce a biological response. 
When the biological response is therapeutic and useful, these chemicals are called medicines and are used in diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. 
If taken in doses higher than those recommended, most of the drugs used as medicines are potential poisons. 
Use of chemicals for therapeutic effect is called chemotherapy,

Classification of Drugs
(a) On the basis of pharmacological effect -analgesics have pain killing effect, antiseptics kill or arrest the growth of microorganisms.
(b) On the basis of drug action -For example, all antihistamines inhibit the action of the compound, histamine which causes inflammation in the body. 
(c) On the basis of chemical structure- For example, 
sulphonamides have common structural feature, given below.
(d) On the basis of molecular targets -like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.

Functions of Enzymes
Proteins which perform the role of biological catalysts in the body are called enzymes, those which are crucial to communication system in the body are called receptors. 
Carrier proteins carry polar molecules across the cell membrane.

(a) Catalytic action of enzymes
Catalytic action of enzymes
(i) Active sites of enzymes hold the substrate molecule in a suitable position, so that it can be attacked by the reagent effectively.

(ii) Enzymes provide functional groups that will attack the substrate and carry out chemical reaction.
Drug Enzyme interaction
Drugs inhibit any of these two  activities of enzymes. Drugs  can block the binding site of the enzyme and prevent the binding of substrate, or can inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Such drugs are called enzyme inhibitors.
Competitive inhibitors
These drugs compete with the natural substrate for their attachment on the active sites of enzymes. 
Allosteric site
Some drugs do not bind to the enzyme’s active site. These bind to a different site of enzyme which is called allosteric site. This changes the shape of the active site in such a way that substrate cannot recognise it.
Receptors as Drug Targets
Receptors are proteins that help in communication process. These are embedded in cell membranes in such a way that their small part possessing active site projects out of the surface of the membrane and opens on the outside region of the cell membrane
 Chemical messengers are received at the binding sites of receptor proteins. To accommodate a messenger, shape of the receptor site changes. This brings about the transfer of message into the cell. Thus, chemical messenger gives message to the cell without entering the cell.
Drugs that bind to the receptor site and inhibit its natural function are called antagonists. These are useful when blocking of message is required. There are other types of drugs that mimic the natural messenger by switching on the receptor, these are called agonists. These are useful when there is lack of natural chemical messenger.
Thanks for watching
Kindly send your suggestions and feed back in the comment box or on email ashokkgupta62@gmail.com 
or over phone , 9348430031